The dialogue explores critical issues of sustainability through the lens of Earth system science, hazards in the Himalayas, coastal vulnerabilities, and the broader interaction between science and soc...
Cloud seeding, a weather modification technique, involves dispersing substances such as silver iodide or salts into clouds to stimulate precipitation. Globally, it has been deployed to combat droughts...
Migration constitutes one of the most transformative forces in India’s demographic and political landscape. Internal labor mobility, particularly the movement of unskilled and semi-skilled workers acr...
The Indian Himalayan region, a geologically dynamic and ecologically sensitive landscape, is currently undergoing a transformation marked by the intersection of tectonic strain, accelerated climate ch...
Non-revenue water is the water that has been produced but is lost before it reaches the customer. It is one of the biggest problems as it increases the water stress.
An aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil that yields water. The aquifers near the surface are usually used for water supply and irrigation.
Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation system where water drips slowly into the roots of the plants from pipes buried below the surface.
Groundwater recharge is a hydrologic process where water moves downwards from surface water to groundwater. Groundwater recharge occurs through wetlands, rainfall and more.
A floodplain is a strip of relatively flat and normally dry land alongside a stream, river, or lake that is covered by water during a flood. Floodplains are produced by lateral movement of a stream and by overbank deposition.
Hardness of water is the quality indication of salts in water. Water hardness can cause costly industrial problems, such as breakdowns in boilers and cooling towers, and may even cause irreplaceable corrosion. The temporary hardness of water can be removed by boiling, while permanent hardness removal require a water softener or an ion exchange column.
A settling pond is an open lagoon into which wastewater contaminated with solid pollutants is placed and allowed to stand. The basins are used to control water pollution in industries such as agriculture,aquaculture, and mining.