Migrant labourers making their way from the Vellore region of Tamil Nadu to Chennai in search of work.
Abstract: Temporary labour migration is a survival strategy of the rural poor in India—more prevalent in the country’s northern and eastern states. However, intra state differences exist with pockets of poverty even within prosperous states, from where socially and economically disadvantaged groups migrate. The phenomenon calls for effective social protection programmes to augment the inadequate livelihood opportunities and negligible access to health care for temporary labour migrants.
The author is Assistant Professor, G. B. Pant Social Science Institute, University of Allahabad, Jhusi, Allahabad. kunalkeshri.lrd@gmail.com
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An unplanned, unstructured, outward spread of a large city largely as a result of low cost land being available for development at the peripheral areas.
Highly congested urban areas marked by bad housing, poor sanitation, unsafe drinking water, poverty, and social disorganisation.
Those who settle on public or unoccupied land, without any right or title. It is similar to slums in the sense that squatters are also marked by poor housing quality and congestion, except here the interpretation is based on ownership status.
A geographical region in a particular country designed to boost exports and provide employment; they possess favourable economic regulations different from the rest of the country.
The process where a city, or part of a city, suffers from disrepair or decay over time. It is largely a phenomenon of western cities.
The method of human waste disposal for the cleanliness and health of humans and protection of the environment in terms of soil, water and air.
From the 1971 Census the definition adopted for an urban area are (a) all places with a Municipality, Corporation or Cantonment or Notified Town Area (b) all other places which satisfied the following criteria: (i) a minimum population of 5,000. (ii) at least 75 per cent of the male working population was non-agricultural. (iii) a density of population of at least 400 per sq km (1000 per sq m).