Abstract: Arctic: The region spans the Arctic Ocean and covers land areas in parts of Canada, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States (Alaska).
Antarctic: With no native population or permanent residents the Antarctic is occupied by a succession of visitors occupying the various scientific bases.
India is set to embark on a new chapter in its Polar exploration journey with the construction of Maitri II. The Indian government plans to establish a new research station near the existing Maitri ba...
The Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), approved by the Government of India in 2021 under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), represents a strategic step in realizing Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14:...
China recently announced restrictions on the export of seven rare earth elements (REEs), soon after US President Donald Trump decided to impose tariffs. As the world's dominant supplier—responsible fo...
The International Seabed Authority (ISA) marked a watershed moment on September 15, 2025, signing a 15-year contract with the Indian government, revolutionising deep-sea exploration. India has been gr...