India adopted the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and became party to the Vienna Convention for protection of ozone layer in 1991. satellite instruments monitor the ozone layer and the data is used to create images that depict the amount of ozone.
Abstract: The global community adopted the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer and to phase out ozone depleting substances. India became party to both and complied with all control measures as per the 1993 Country Programme. India, as a follow up to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, launched the India Cooling Plan to enhance energy efficiency while addressing cooling demand.
The author is Former Director, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. drssatapathy@gmail.com. The article should be cited as Satapathy S., 2019. India’s Action to Project the Ozone Layer, Geography and You, 19(23): 10-18
Heatwaves have become one of the most lethal and least acknowledged consequences of climate change in India. What was once an occasional extreme is now a defining feature of India’s seasonal climate,...
India’s coastal regions, stretching thousands of kilometers, are on the frontlines of a creeping environmental crisis—saltwater intrusion. Unlike cyclones or tsunamis, this is a disaster that doesn’t...
Heatwaves in India have evolved from seasonal anomalies to one of the country’s most pressing climate emergencies. While the meteorological understanding of heatwaves has advanced significantly, facil...
The oceans, covering over 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface, have long been perceived as infinite reservoirs of resources. However, with the escalation of climate change impacts and pressures from hu...